Whole-genome alignment analyses of four Populus species revealed the fission of poplar mitogenome in P. simonii mitogenome had protein-coding capability. simonii mitogenome into three circular-mapping molecules (lengths 312.5, 283, and 186 kb) with the total length of 781.5 kb. simonii) have been reported, but there has been little progress in its mitogenome. The complete chloroplast (cp) and nuclear genome sequences of Populus simonii (P. Deciphering mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is important for elucidating vital activities of species. Mitochondria, inherited maternally, are energy metabolism organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power cellular various biochemical reactions. Our findings offer a unique perspective into how mitogenomes of parasitic plants can be deeply altered and shed light on plant mitogenome replication. All heteroplasmic variants are transcribed, and functional and nonfunctional protein-coding variants are spliced and RNA edited. The mitogenome also exhibits extreme heteroplasmy, predominantly involving short indels and more complex variants, many of which cause potential loss-of-function mutations for some gene copies.
Despite its small size, the mitogenome harbors a typical set of genes and introns within the unique regions of each chromosome, yet introns are the smallest among seed plants and ferns. PacBio reads provide evidence for chromosome recombination and rolling-circle replication for the R. Southern blots confirm both the minicircular structure and the replication origin of the mitochondrial chromosomes. Similar minicircular structures with shared and unique regions have been observed in parasitic animals and free-living protists,21–24 suggesting convergent structural evolution. All chromosomes share an identical 896 bp conserved region, with a large stem-loop that acts as the origin of replication, flanked on each side by hypervariable and semi-conserved regions.
Its mitogenome is uniquely arranged in 21 minicircular chromosomes that vary in size from 4,949 to 7,861 bp, with a total length of only 130,713 bp. To provide further insight on mitogenome evolution in parasitic plants, we report the highly modified mitogenome of Rhopalocnemis phalloides, a holoparasite in Balanophoraceae. The plastid and nuclear genomes of parasitic plants exhibit deeply altered architectures, whereas the few examined mitogenomes range from deeply altered to conventional.
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